Fix CPUID subleaf iteration
Summary:
The code to determine which CPUID subleaves to explore was incorrect in #17270. The new code here is based on Intel's reference documentation for CPUID (a document called "IntelĀ® Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction - Application Note 485", which I cannot actually find on their own website).
Backport of core PR17527.
Test Plan:
ninja all check-all
Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix
Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix
Subscribers: deadalnix
Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D6254