[backport#16399 2/3] Return error for ignored passphrase through disable private keys option

Summary:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16399/commits/ba1f128d6c117a63d5d904b3956551bd83405ec9

Depends on D7035

Partial backport of Core PR16399

Test Plan:

ninja check check-functional

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D7036