tests: Add fuzzing harness for V1TransportDeserializer (P2P transport)

Summary:
Backport of core PR17771.

The missing corpus change is not relevant for us.

Depends on D8228.

Test Plan:

ninja bitcoin-fuzzers
./test/fuzz/test_runner.py <path_to_corpus>

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8229