Track negated options in the option parser

Summary:

• Add additional tests for GetBoolArg()

This is meant to be an intermediate commit to prove that the next does not
introduce any changes in the semantics of boolean option parsing.

• Track negated arguments in the argument paser.

This commit adds tracking for negated arguments. This change will be used in a
future commit that allows disabling the debug.log file using -nodebuglogfile.

This is a backport of Core's PR12713

Depends on D1832 and D1830

Test Plan:

make check

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, jasonbcox

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, jasonbcox

Subscribers: teamcity

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D1833