[cmake] Check the linker flags against the actual linker

Summary: The linker flag are currently tested against the default toolchain linker, but different linkers might have different features and support different flag sets.

Test Plan:

ninja all

Run the gitian builds

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, PiRK

Subscribers: PiRK

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D13576