[build] Fix doxygen documentation issues and enable -Wdocumentation

Summary:
This fixes documentation errors, such as wrong parameter names, empty documentation for a parameter, documentation not located next to the targetted function.

This is a backport of core#21613

Test Plan:

cd build
ccache --clear
rm -Rf *
cmake .. -Ninja -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++
ninja
ninja doc-doxygen

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D11783