[CI] Use ninja targets instead of calling binaries

Summary:
There is no change in behavior.

Depends on D4938 and D4939.

Test Plan:
Run the CI builds:

• build-asan
• build-ubsan
• build-tsan
• build-diff
• build-master

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix, jasonbcox

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix, jasonbcox

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D4927