logging: add LogPrintfCategory to log unconditionally with category
prefixing the output with the passed category name.
- add documentation
- add a unit test
- update lint-logs.py
- update lint-format-strings.py
logging: use LogPrintfCategory rather than a manual category
Here we update only the log messages that manually print a category.
In upcoming commits, LogPrintCategory will likely be used in many
other cases, such as to replace LogPrintf where it makes sense.
This is a backport of core#25306
Depends on D17222