test: Reduce unneeded whitelist permissions in tests

Summary:

It makes the tests confusing and fragile when overwriting default command line values that are not needed to be overwritten.

This is a backport of Core PR18209

Test Plan: ninja && test/functional/test_runner.py feature_* p2p_invalid_block rpc_fundrawtransaction wallet_*

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D8771