Replace the use of fWhitelisted by permission checks

Summary:
This is a partial backport of Core PR16248 : https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/16248/commits/d541fa391844f658bd7035659b5b16695733dd56

Depends on D5928

Test Plan:

ninja all check-all

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, Fabien

Subscribers: Fabien

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D5932