Partial backport of Core PR11167 to have similar feature in base58_tests.cpp

Summary: As per title. This was raised in D3578.

Test Plan:

make check

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, markblundeberg

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, markblundeberg

Subscribers: markblundeberg

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D3594