[LINTER] Enforce using C++ headers instead of C compatible headers

Summary:
This linter replaces the C compatibility headers with the native C++
ones.

Note: it currently conflicts with clang-format (the fix gets erased).
arc lint may need to be run multiple times to fix all the issues. A
solution to these conflicts should be submitted later.

Test Plan:
Add the following line:

#include <stddef.h>

Immediatly after #include <memory> in src/init.cpp.

arc lint

The linter should return an error for the newly added line and propose
the fix.

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D3213