[CMAKE] Attach the linker flags to target properties

Summary:
This is achieved by using the add_link_options function instead of
appending the flags to the global CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS variable.

Depends on D5035.

Test Plan:

ninja check

Run the Gitian builds.

Reviewers: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Reviewed By: #bitcoin_abc, deadalnix

Differential Revision: https://reviews.bitcoinabc.org/D5037