This change prepares for upcoming commit "Do not hide compile-time
thread safety warnings" by replacing AssertLockHeld() with
LockAssertion() where needed.
This is a backport of core#19668 [1/5]
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/19668/commits/af9ea55a72c94678b343f5dd98dc78f3a3ac58cb
Backport notse:
- We do not have a lock in RelayTransaction because we did not backport core#18044 (commit ac88e2eb619821ad7ae1d45d4b40be69051d3999)
- This change is partially reverted in D10172 after D10171 makes it possible to annotate the lambda functions with EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED